We present a novel spatially explicit modeling framework for narrowing the divide between these disciplines to advance understanding of the effects of landscape structure on metapopulation dynamics. A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species. Although pure metapopulations may be rare, there are many empirical studies in which metapopulation processes, primarily local colonisation and extinction, have been useful in explaining dynamics of natural, managed and experimental systems. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Metapopulation ecology and marine conservation sciencedirect. It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the authors groundbreaking work on the glanville fritillary butterfly. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology. Metapopulation ecology of notonecta in small ponds.
Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations. Especially we discuss the rationality of massaction terms for the patch state transition in the levins model, and find that such massaction term could be rational for the modeling of. Life history evolution edit metapopulation models have been used to explain lifehistory evolution, such as the ecological stability of amphibian metamorphosis in small vernal ponds. The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape nature. Metapopulations persist due to the balance between extinction and colonization of local populations. Dunham2 life history patterns and empirical observations. Percy bysshe shelley 17921822, loves philosophy introduction wherever wildlife management concerns the. Abstract a metapopulation is a spatially structured population that persists over time as a set of local populations with limited dispersal between. Their simulations showed dramatic and continued reduction in overall metapopulation size adult density when these high selfrecruiting reefs were removed from the system compared with removing. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. Landscape ecologists tend to analyse the structure of complex real landscapes, with less emphasis on modelling population dynamics.
Two main families of spatially explicit models are available to perform pva. Rather than track individual organisms through time, a metapopulation approach tracks the occupancy of habitat patches through time. Metapopulation ecology has grown considerably since levins landmark papers, and modern metapopulation research often considers more than simply local presence or absence of organisms. Metapopulation dynamics and amphibian conservation david m. In contrast to the ifd, each population in a patch has its own local dynamics, which are not dependent on the state of other patches as in structured populations, nor on immigration from other patches as sink. Abstract metapopulation ecology and landscape ecology aim to understand how spatial structure influences ecological processes, yet these. The metapopulation biology and evolutionary ecology of these bacterial systems, in these. Metapopulation ecology is used in conservation biology and in population genetics where it influences genetic structure, the rate and trajectory of evolution and even what traits are under selection. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases births and immigrations and decreases deaths and emigrations of individuals, as well as by the emergence and dissolution of local populations contained within it. Metapopulation theory states that a large population consisting of a single species is most stable over a large area when it is divided up into smaller subpopulations. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat to two or subpopulations.
It is only recently that ecologists have fully realized that a relatively simple general theory can be readily constructed that. Metapopulation ecology is a key concept in conservation ecology. While metapopulation ecology is well developed as a theory, its assumptions and predictions remain largely untested, making it unclear to what extent the theory supplies realistic ecological models. Our research explores these sorts of ecological dynamics using mathematical tools, species record databases and experimental approaches. We focus on understanding the effects of different forms of uncertainty on the distribution and abundance. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of migration among local populations and the conditions of regional persistence of species with unstable local populations. Metapopulation theory and concepts are the central paradigm for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions. Wiens metapopulation dynamics has been done, a discussion of how the major themes of landscape ecology m spatial and temporal variations in patch quality, boundary effects, landscape connectivity, and patch contextaffect the three components of metapopulation.
Source and sink populations source populations are defined by their ability to maintain a positive growth rate r0, whereas sink populations cannot support positive population. Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology. Stenseth and lidicker 1992b discuss these ter minological issues. Metapopulations and migration the concept of metapopulations was defined in 196955 as a population of populations which go extinct locally and recolonize. Journal of animal ecology 1994 63, 151162 introduction the most obvious question a metapopulation biologist may expect to be asked is whether some species x is likely to persist, as a metapopulation, in some particular set of habitat. Several chapters closely integrate ecology with genetics and evolutionary biology, and others illustrate how metapopulation concepts and models. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations is acollection of specially commissioned articles that looks at fragmented habitats, bringing together recent theoretical advances and empirical studies applying the metapopulation approach. It also includes practical applications to conservation biology. Spatially realistic theory of metapopulation ecology. The role of metapopulations in conservation department of. If riparian survival increased slightly, the entire metapopulation would be sustained. Richard levins conceived the idea of a metapopulation in an effort to mathematically model the cost effectiveness of biological pest control methods levins, 1969. This thesis considers the application of metapopulation theory to a field system. Insights for management levins model assumptions all patches identical in size and quality infinite number of patches no spatial structure all patches equally connected no time lags population instantaneous with colonization blinking light model complete spatial asynchrony metapopulationtheory or hypothesis.
The metapopulation simulations done by james et al. Human activities and natural disasters are the main causes of metapopulation and increase the population that occurs as metapopulatons. We present two models for mainlandisland metapopulations. Ecoevolutionary metapopulation dynamics and the spatial. Metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology sciencedirect. Mccracken, donald keefe, robert perry and daniel e.
A metapopulation is a population of populations distributed in discrete habitat patches that are linked by occasional dispersal. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations 1st. The latter theory largely replaced the former one in the 1980s, especially in conservation applications. Eastern kingbirds modeling suggested that metapopulation overall is a sink.
Dynamics of metapopulation conditions for definition. The kind of metapopulation approach depicted in fig. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat in two or more subpopulations. Ecology, genetics, and evolution 1st edition by ilkka a. Metapopulation ecology nouhuys major reference works. Abstract marine and fisheries scientists are increasingly using metapopulation concepts to better understand and model their focal systems. Stochastic models for mainlandisland metapopulations in. Pdf inbreeding depression, the reduction in fitness that results from inbreeding, is probably the oldest observation about population genetics.
The metapopulation paradigm represents one of the most recent developments in a longrunning ecological debate on population regulation. The population surveys show more populations going extinct each year than are being colonized, and therefore predicts that the whole metapopulation should collapse. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford series in ecology and evolution. Metapopulation, in ecology, a regional group of connected populations of a species. Much of spatial ecology since the late 1960s has been dominated by two theories, the dynamic theory of island biogeography and the classical metapopulation theory. Forest service, rockey mountain research ecology of freshwater fish 2000. Ecologists and conservation biologists have used many measures of landscape structure1,2,3,4,5 to predict the population dynamic consequences of.
Several ecological processes characterise metapopulations. Heteroptera, notonectidae, a freshwater invertebrate predator, inhabiting a series of small manmade ponds known as dewponds, in the peak district, derbyshire. Metapopulation ecology is used in conservation biology and in population genetics where it influences genetic structure, the rate and trajectory. The typical levins type of metapopulation dynamics model appears only for a specific case with some additional assumptions for mathematical simplification. Several chapters closely integrate ecology with genetics and evolutionary biology, and others illustrate how metapopulation concepts and models can be. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology songklanakarin j. Metapopulation ecology oxford university press, oxford, 1999. Increasing connectivity between metapopulation ecology and. Metapopulation a set of spatially disjunct populations, among which there is some immigration. Surveys of pond occupancy and habitat characteristics examined the habitat preferences and spatial population. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Metapopulations characteristically demonstrate a turnover of local populations going extinct and becoming reestablished, resulting in a distribution pattern that shifts over time. Metapopulation ecology concerns organisms that are dependent upon discrete patches of suitable habitat.
The simple metapopulation model did not do a good job of predicting the patch occupancy of these butterflies. The metapopulation biology and evolutionary ecology of these bacterial systems, in these synthetic ecosystems, can be addressed using experimental biophysics. Metapopulations are conceived as spatially structured populations consisting of distinct units subpopulations, separated by space or barriers, and connected by dispersal movements. State of ecology in the 1970s key assumptions environment was rather constant evolution was gradual and organisms were well adapted to local environment species distributions were determined by broad climate and by competition vegetation across biomes was rather homogeneous except where upset by irregular disturbance spinoffs of equilibrium view.
Population viability analyses pva are extremely useful tools for the management of endangered species at the landscape scale. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university. Populations of butterflies and coralreef fishes are good examples of metapopulation. Synchronisation and stability in river metapopulation. Eastern kingbirds murphy suggested that creek habitat acted as a pseudosink. Metapopulation ecology uc berkeley college of natural. Metapopulation ecology is the ecology of populations in fragmented landscapes.
Predicting metapopulation responses to conservation in. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. All things, by a law divine, in one anothers being mingle. Even without local extinctions, metapopulation structure has implications for abundance of local populations, as well as those populations age, size, and. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski, professor in the. Trenham department of biology, washington and lee university, lexington, va 24450, u. Models in landscape ecology use detailed descriptions of landscape structure, but often without considering colonization and extinction dynamics. The second accounts for landscape dynamics by modelling both the number of suitable and the number occupied patches. Ruzzante, a portrait of a sucker using landscape genetics. As a member, youll also get unlimited access to over 79,000 lessons in math, english, science, history, and more.
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